Brief Introduction of Disposable Electrode Surgical Instruments
High frequency electrosurgical (HF) is an electrosurgical instrument that replaces mechanical scalpels for tissue cutting.
It heats the tissue through the high-frequency and high-voltage current generated when the effective electrode tip contacts the human body, so as to achieve the separation and coagulation of the tissue, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting and hemostasis.
High-frequency electric knife has been used clinically for more than 90 years since 1920, and has experienced four generations of changes from spark plug discharge-high-power tube-high-power triode-high-power MOS tube.
With the development of medical technology and clinical needs, complex electrosurgical equipment based on high-frequency scalpels has also developed accordingly. Further, various special accessories for high-frequency surgical instruments (such as: laparoscopic Metzenbaum scissors, laparoscopic monopolar Maryland strippers, monopolar clamps, laparoscopic bipolar scissors, etc.) have also opened up more opportunities for clinical operations. Wide range of use.
Disposable electrode surgical instruments mainly have two types of operation: monopolar and bipolar.
Unipolar species
With monopolar electrosurgical instruments, tissue is cut and coagulated by a complete circuit consisting of a high-frequency generator in the electrosurgical scissors, patient plate, connecting wires, and electrodes.
In most applications, current is passed through the patient via active wires and electrodes, and returned to the generator of the high-frequency electrosurgical instrument through the patient plate and its wires.
The heating effect of high-frequency electrosurgical instruments that destroy diseased tissue is not caused by heating electrodes or blades like an electrocautery. It concentrates high-frequency current at high current density to destroy tissue at the point of contact with the active electrode tip. Coagulation occurs when the temperature of tissue or cells in contact with or near an active electrode rises to a temperature at which proteins in the cells are denatured. This precise surgical effect is determined by the waveform, voltage, current, tissue type, and electrode shape and size.
bipolar
Bipolar coagulation is to provide high-frequency electric energy to the whole body tissue through the two tips of the bipolar forceps, so as to dehydrate and coagulate the blood vessels between the two ends of the bipolar forceps to achieve the purpose of hemostasis. Its range of action is limited to the two ends of the forceps, and the degree of damage to body tissues and the range of influence are much smaller than those of unipolar ones.
Bipolar instruments are suitable for closure of small blood vessels and fallopian tubes. Therefore, bipolar coagulation is mostly used in fine operations such as brain surgery, microsurgery, ENT, obstetrics and gynecology, and hand surgery. The safety of bipolar coagulation has gradually been recognized, and its application range has gradually expanded.
Electrosurgical instruments are increasingly used in various endoscopic operations, such as: laparoscopy, prostatectomy, gastroscopy, cystoscopy, hysteroscopy and other operations.
Due to its simultaneous cutting and coagulation, high-frequency electrocautery is widely used in operations that are difficult to access and perform with mechanical scalpels (such as ligation of abdominal catheters, resection of prostatic urethral masses). Because of its remarkable coagulation effect, it is also widely used in operations on diffuse bleeding sites such as liver, spleen, thyroid, breast, and lung.
