Stages of development of laparoscopy
(1) Pelvic mirror
In 1901, the Russian gynecologist D.O.ott also opened the vaginal fornix under the frontoscope illumination and placed a cystoscope to observe the abdominal cavity of a woman. This is the first pelvic scope.
(2) Diagnostic laparoscopy. In 1910, Jacobaeus.H.C first applied a cannula puncture needle to insert the abdominal wall and introduced air into the abdominal cavity through the cannula, and then placed it into a cystoscope for examination. In 1944, Raoul Palmerjiang of France officially applied laparoscopy to the field of gynecology, examined a large number of infertile patients and formulated the routine of laparoscopy. A monograph was published in 1963, introducing systematically some simple operations under laparoscopy, such as: fallopian tube ventilation and liquid drainage; simple organ adhesion separation; fallopian tube electrocoagulation sterilization; endometriosis electrocoagulation , Electrocautery, etc.
(3) Surgical laparoscopy: Since the invention of cold light source and glass fiber endoscope in the 1970s, the artificial pneumoperitoneal monitoring device of Germany-Semm, the automatic pneumoperitoneum machine, came into being. So far, laparoscopic surgery has developed vigorously. Because of its small damage and no need for laparotomy, it was quickly accepted by both doctors and patients. In 1980, Dr. Nezhat of the United States began using video laparoscopy for surgery. The surgical field is clearly displayed on the screen, which expands the field of view. Many doctors can see the surgical process at the same time, which is conducive to technical exchange and discussion, and also facilitates the cooperation of assistants and the assistance of anesthesiologists. In the late 1980s, Professor Kurt Semm of Germany invented and created many new surgical instruments and technologies. Such as: microscopic suture instruments, irrigation pumps, various forceps, shears, combined shredders, cutters, etc. There are various methods of hemostasis under the microscope: unipolar electrocoagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation, ligating ferrules, internal suture technology, titanium clips, stapler and other technological advances have made more complex operations under the microscope. In 1988, Reich H performed the first laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Since then, the scope of gynecological surgery has become larger and larger, and almost 90% of gynecological operations can be completed under laparoscopy.
